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March 8, 1932. WQOLSON 1,848,922

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 2, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet ,1

I v LJUNELM NUULSU Filed Dec. 2, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 w 1 3 Z a 3 5 y w l 6 z= 4 3 gvvvwnio'z LIDNEL M Nam SUN.

duct/nu injecting Patented Mar. 9 1932 PATENT OFFICE LIONEL M. WOOLSON F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO PACKARD .MOTOR CAR COM- PANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A QQRZPORATIGN OF MICHIGAN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed December 2, 1929. Serial No.- 410,993.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to fuel injection regulating mechanism.

\Vith engines in which liquid fuel is injected into the cylinders under high pressure by adjustable pump mechanism which is actuated mechanically in an injection direction and retracted automatically by spring tension, difficulty is encountered in providing ease of operation and at the same time suflicient friction to prevent creepingfrom the desired position of adjustment. Creeping results from both vibration and the tension of the retracting springs. It is desirable that the fuel injection device can be. easily manipulated to vary the quantity delivered, and also that it will remain automatically in adjusted position, and an object of this invention is to provide a device of such character.

Another objectof the invention is to provide control mechanism for fuel injecting devices associated with 9. Diesel engine which can be readily manipulated manually to secure the desired. fuel quantity adjustment and which will maintain the position in which it has been adjusted.

A further object of the invention is to provide control mechanism for fuel injecting devices which is associate with an internal combustion engine in a manner to counterbalance forcestending to vary the quantity of fuel delivered to the cylinders.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part of this specification and in which:

Fig. 1"is a rear elevational view of an internal combustion engine having the end of the crank case partially broken away to illustrate the association of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of one of the fuel devices and its actuating means; 1 Fig. 3 is a sectional View of the-counterbalancing mechanism taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.;

Fig. at is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 -of Figtyl illustrating the adjusting ring and its arrangement with the crank case.

Referring now to the drawings by characters of reference, designates the crank case of an internal combustion engine with which is associated a plurality of radially extending cylinders 11. The heads 12 of such cylinders are each formed with a hollow neck 13 through which air is drawn into and exhaust is expelled from the cylinders. It will be understood that the engine illustrated is of the radial four-cycle Diesel type, and reference may be had to my co-pending application, Serial No. 358,899, filed April 29, 1929, for a better understanding of the details of operation of one type of engine with which this invention can be associated.

In a. compartment 14, at one end of the crank case, is arranged mechanism for actuating a plurality of injection devices which spray liquid fuel under a high pressure into air charges being compressed within the cylinders. Associated with each of the cylinders is a fuel injection device which consists generally of a nozzle section 15 projecting through the cylinder and a pump section 16, the nozzle section being provided with a.- flange 17 which is secured by the studs18 directly to the cylinder wall. The pump section of each fuel injection device consists of a casing 19 within which is supported a sleeve or barrel 20, the sleeve having a check valve 21 at the end adjacent the nozzle section. A plunger 22 is arranged within the barrel and is fixed to.a guide element 23 which is arranged to be reciprocated within the pump casing 19. A circular housing 24 is secured to the casing 19 by a nut 25 and provides a circular fuel inlet chamber around the casing, there being fittings 26 screwed into the housing 24 which communicate with conduits 27 which form part of a manifold for conducting fuel oil from a source of supply to the several injection devices. "A screen 28 is arranged within the chamber formed by the housing 24 and the pump casing, and a plurality of ducts 29 communicate With such chamber and extend through the casing 19 and the pump barrel 20 and communicate with the passage 30 extendingtherethrough in which the plunger 22 reciprocates. Fuel oil is moved undera low pressure through the manifold sections 27 so that when the in the fuel device beyond the plunger is completely filled with oil and the nozzle valve will prevent its escape into the cylinders.

It will be seen that the stroke ofthe plungers 22 can be varied as to timing and quantity of fuel forced through the nozzles into the cylinders. The volume of the liquid fuel charges which are forced through the nozzles into the cylinders is determined by the plunger stroke after closing the ducts 29, so that by varying the eifective stroke of the plungers the quantity of fuel and the time at which the ducts 29 are closed can be regulated within a predetermined range.

Sleeves 31 extend through the crank case into the compartment 14, in alignment with each of the pump mechanisms described, and rovide bearings for plunger actuating members 32 each of which carries an adjustable contact 33 for engaging the associated carrier 23. The spaces between the end of the pump casings and the sleeves 31 are closed by the sleeves 34. A rod 35 is seated at one end in a socket formed in the inner end of each of the actuating members 32 and engages at the other end with a curved face 36 of an actuating rock lever 37, such rock levers being pivotally mounted upon pins 38 extending transversely across the compartment 14 and secured to the end wall 39 and a partition wall. The under sideof each of the rock levers is provided with an abutment 41 which engages the cam 42, such cam being rotatably mounted upon the crank shaft 43 within the compartment 14.

The cam is provided with interior teeth 44 with which a gear 45 meshes, such gear being driven through suitable gearing (not shown) connected with the crank shaft 43 to rotate the cam at one eighth crank shaft speed in a direction opposite to that in which the crank shaft is rotated. As the lobes of the cam 42 raise the rock levers, the rod 35 will be moved in a direction to cause an injection movement of the plungers 22, the coil springs 46 carried within each pump casing engagingthe guide members 23 to normally maintain the plungers in a retracted position as permitted by the periphery of the cam.

In order to uniformly and simultaneously 'vary the stroke of the plungers, the rods 35 are arranged to be adjusted in their relation with the rocker levers so that the length of movement of such rods will be varied even though the rocker levers are reciprocated uniformly. A control ring 47 is arranged within the flange 48 of thepartition wall 40 and is associated therewith by a plurality of studs 49 which extend through slots 50 in the ring and are screwed into the partition wall 40.

Coil springs 51 are interposed between the heads of the studs and the ring for the purpose of creating friction which will retard the tendency of the ring to rotate, however, in order to limit the resistance to adjustment operation this friction is not suflicient to maintain the ring in all adjusted positions. Riveted to the ring 47 is a rack carrying element 52, a segmental gear 53 being associated with the rack and being carried by a shaft 54 which is rotated by the lever 55 operated by suitable mechanism. A link 56 is pivotally connected to each of the rods 35 and to the ring member 47 so that upon rotation of the ring member, the links 56 move the rods 35 longitudinally ofthe rock levers in .their engaging relation with the curved faces 36. Such curved faces are formed so that shifting of the rods relative thereto will cause a change in both the timing and the stroke of the plungers with respect to the ducts 29. As shown in Fig. 1, the rods are at one extremity of their adjustment and when in such position the stroke of the fuel plungers, after closing the ducts 29, is the longest within the operative range, whereas when the rods 35 are shifted toward the right end of the curved faces, the stroke of the plungers decrease. When the rod 35 is at the extreme position at the right end of the rock lever the plunger will not be moved sufficiently to close the barrel inlet ports. By rocking the segmental gear 53, the control ring will likewise be rotated and in this manner will simultaneously and uniformly adjust the fuel plunger strokes to control both quantity of fuel injected and the time of injection.

' In order to move the ring 47 in a direction to increase the quantity of the fuel injection charges, the combined pressure of the springs 46 in all of the pump devices must be overcome as the tendency of such springs is to move the rods 35 toward the right so that the plungers will inject small quantities of fuel. This multiplied spring pressure constantly urges the ring 47 away from the position shown in Fig. 1 and upon any adjustment which increases the fuel quantity over that at which idling occurs considerable effort must be applied to adjust the ring 47 and additional means other than the coil springs 51 is required to maintain the ring in an adjusted position in opposition to the fuel pump spring pressure.- It is the purpose of this invention to provide mechanism for counterbalancing the plunger spring pressure against the ring in order to ease the adjustment effort required, and also. to maintain the ring in adusted position. To this end I provide a pair of brackets 60, which are'riveted to the adjustment ring 47, and associated with each of such brackets a rod 61 which extends through a bearing 62 secured to the partition wall 40 by a nut 63. A coil spring 64 extends between the shouldered end of each of the rods 61, which are pivoted to the end of the brackets 60, and washers 65 which are arranged to abut the bearings 62. As the bearings are fixed to the casing wall, the spring tension of e ac es the two sets of devices can be arranged to exert a pressure upon the ring which will counterbalance the pressure exerted thereagainst by the combined pump springs. In-

this manner the fuel plunger control mechanism is mounted so that it can be easily manipulated for adjustment of the stroke of the plungers, and so that it will remain in desired adjusted position.

While I have herein described in some detail a specific embodiment of my invention,

which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I do not desire it to be understood that my invention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may be made the ports, mechanism for adjusting the plunger actuating mechanism to determine the effective injection stroke transmitted to the plunger, spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in adirection retracting the plunger after the injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction, friction retaining means for the adjusting mechanism, and means associated with the adjusting mechanism in a relation opposing the pressure exerted thereagainst by the retractingspring means.

2. In a fuel in ecting mechanism, a barrel having fuel inlet ports, a plunger. in the barrel controlling the inlet ports, mechanism a'sthe ports, mechanism sociated with the plunger to cause injection strokes thereof, the effective portion of the injection strokes occurrin after closure of fir adjusting the plunger actuating mechanism to determine the effective injection stroke transmitted to the plunger, spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in a direction retracting the plunger after the injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction, friction retaining means for the adjusting mechanism, and pressure means associated with the adjusting mechanism and opposing the pressure of the spring means tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction.

3. In a fuel injecting mechanism. a barrel having fuel inlet ports, a plunger in the barrel controllingv the inlet ports, mechanism associated with the plunger to cause injection strokes thereof, the effective portion of the injection strokes occurring after closure of the ports, mechanism for adjusting the plunger actuating mechanism to determine the effective injection stroke transmitted to the plunger, spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in a direction retracting the plunger after the injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing directidn,

and spring means associated with the adjusting mechanism in a relation acting in opposition to the pressure of the retracting spring means upon the adjusting mechanism.

4. In a fuel injecting mechanism, a barrel having fuel inlet ports, a plunger in the barrel controlling the inlet ports, mechanism causing injection strokes of the plunger, the effective injection portion of such strokes occurring after closure of the inlet ports, means for adjusting themechanism to change the plunger stroke length relative to the ports, spring means exerting pressure against, the mechanism in a direction retracting the plunger after injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction, and means associated with the adjusting mechanism counterbalancing pressure transmitted thereto from the spring means.

5. In a multiple fuel injecting system for internal combustion engines of the radial type, a plurality of barrels having fuel in let ports, a plunger in each of the barrels controlling the inlet ports, the efiective injection portion of such plunger strokes occurring after closure of the inlet ports, separate mechanisms operated from a single actuator for moving the plungers in an injection stroke,

individual spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism 111- a direction for retracting each plunger after the injection strokes and tendlng to move the adj usting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction, a single member connected for simultaneously and uniformly adjusting said mechanisms to vary the plunger stroke relative to the barrel inlet'ports, and means connected with said member and opposing the pressure .of the retracting spring means upon said member tending to displace it from an adjusted position.

6. In a multiple fuel injecting system for internal combustion engines of the radial type, a plurality of barrels havingfuel inlet ports and an outlet port, a plunger in each of the barrels closing the inletports during injection strokes, separate mechanisms operated from a single actuator for causing the plungers to move in injection strokes, individual spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in a direction for retracting the plungers after their injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direction, a ring member to which said mechanisms are attached, the turning ofthe ring member uniformly adjusting the mechanisms to regulate the length of the injection strokes of the plungers, and spring means connected to the ring member and balancing the pressure of the retracting spring means tending to turn the ring member from positions of adjustment.

7. In a multiple fuel injectin system for internal combustion engines the radial type, a plurality of barrels having spaced fuel inlet and outlet ports, a plunger in each of the barrels closing the inlet ports during a portion of the injection strokes, individual mechanisms operated from a single actuator I causing the plungers to move in injection strokes, individual spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in .a direction retracting the plungers after injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a fuel reducing direc tion, a rotatably mounted ring member to which said mechanisms are connected, a frictional retainer for the ring member, and anchored spring devices connected to said memher in a relation exerting pressure against the ring member in opposition to that exerted thereagainst by the retracting spring means through the mechanism connections.

8. In a multiple fuel feeding system for internal combustion engines of the radial type, a plurality of barrels having spaced inlet and outlet ports, a plunger in each of the barrels, the stroke of the plungers after closing the inlet ports determining the quantity of fuel injected through the outlet ports,

individual articulated mechanisms operated by a single actuator causing plunger injection strokes, spring means exerting pressure against the actuating mechanism in a direction retracting the plungers after their injection strokes and tending to move the adjusting mechanism in a-fuel reducing direction, a rotatably mounted ring to which the articulated mechanisms are connected, the rotation of the ring changing the relation of the related parts of the articulated mechanisms to vary the movement imparted thereby to the plungers, friction means resisting rotation of the ring, and a pair of devices connected to said ring and associated to opose the pressure transmitted to the ring y the retracting spring means through the connections with the articulated mechanisms.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. 9

LIONEL M. WOOLSON. 

